Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation, representing a single base change at a specific location in the genome. These variations can have significant impacts on gene function, disease susceptibility, and an organism's response to environmental factors. Accurate and efficient SNP genotyping is crucial for a wide range of applications, from medical diagnostics and personalized medicine to environmental monitoring and conservation efforts.
CD BioSciences is a leading provider of high-quality ARMS PCR services for SNP genotyping. Our company is committed to delivering accurate, reliable, and cost-effective solutions to meet the diverse needs of our clients in research, healthcare, and environmental management. We leverage cutting-edge technology and a team of experienced scientists to provide comprehensive SNP genotyping services that empower our clients to make informed decisions and advance their research and applications.
Fig 1. SNP genotyping using ARMS PCR (Peng B., 2017)
Service Overview
Our ARMS PCR service offers a robust and reliable method for detecting SNPs in various organisms and sample types. This technology is a powerful tool for identifying specific genetic variations and understanding their implications. We provide a complete solution, from DNA extraction and primer design to PCR amplification and data analysis. Our services are tailored to meet the specific needs of each project, ensuring high-quality results and timely delivery.
Technological Principles
ARMS PCR, also known as allele-specific PCR or AS-PCR, is a highly sensitive and specific technique for detecting SNPs. This method exploits the stringent requirement of DNA polymerase for a perfect match at the 3' end of the primer to initiate DNA extension.
The principle of ARMS PCR involves designing two different primers:
- Allele-specific primers: These primers are designed with their 3' end complementary to the specific SNP allele of interest. A perfect match at the 3' end allows for efficient amplification, while a mismatch inhibits or significantly reduces amplification.
- Common primer: This primer binds to a conserved region upstream or downstream of the SNP site, ensuring amplification of the target region regardless of the SNP allele.
During PCR amplification, both allele-specific and common primers are used. If the allele-specific primer perfectly matches the SNP in the sample DNA, a PCR product is generated. The presence or absence of PCR products is then visualized using gel electrophoresis, where the size of the product indicates the presence of a specific SNP allele.
Technical Features
ARMS PCR offers several advantages that make it a preferred method for SNP genotyping:
- High Specificity: The requirement for a perfect match at the 3' end of the allele-specific primer ensures high specificity, minimizing false positives.
- Simplicity: The technique is relatively simple to perform and does not require specialized or expensive equipment.
- Cost-effectiveness: Compared to other SNP genotyping methods, ARMS PCR is generally more cost-effective, making it accessible for various applications.
- Versatility: ARMS PCR can be used to detect SNPs in a wide range of organisms and sample types, including DNA extracted from blood, tissue, plants, and microbes.
Types of ARMS PCR
While the basic principle remains the same, there are variations in ARMS PCR techniques:
The versatility of qPCR makes it applicable across a wide range of fields:
- Tetra-primer ARMS PCR: This method utilizes four primers - two outer primers and two inner allele-specific primers. It allows for the simultaneous amplification of both alleles in a single reaction, improving efficiency and reducing the risk of errors.
- Nested ARMS PCR: This technique involves two consecutive PCR reactions. The first reaction amplifies the target region, and the second reaction uses allele-specific primers within the amplified region, increasing sensitivity and specificity.
- Real-time ARMS PCR: This method combines ARMS PCR with real-time fluorescence detection, allowing for quantitative analysis of SNP alleles.
Applications of HRM in Environmental Science
ARMS PCR has a wide range of applications across various fields:
- Human Health:
Disease Diagnostics: Detecting SNPs associated with genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.
Pharmacogenomics: Identifying SNPs that influence drug responses, enabling personalized medicine and optimizing treatment strategies.
Cancer Research: Detecting SNPs associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
- Agriculture and Environmental Science:
Crop Improvement: Identifying SNPs associated with desirable traits in crops, such as yield, disease resistance, and nutritional content.
Environmental Monitoring: Detecting SNPs in microorganisms to assess biodiversity, track pollution sources, and monitor ecosystem health.Conservation Genetics: Analyzing genetic variation in endangered species to inform conservation efforts and manage populations effectively.
- Forensic Science: Analyzing DNA samples for forensic investigations, such as paternity testing and criminal identification.
Environmental Benefits
- Reduced Resource Consumption: Compared to some other genotyping methods, ARMS PCR requires fewer reagents and consumables, reducing waste generation.
- Lower Energy Consumption: The technique can be performed with standard laboratory equipment, minimizing energy usage.
- Applications in Environmental Monitoring and Conservation: Our services directly support environmental research and conservation efforts by providing valuable genetic data for assessing biodiversity, monitoring pollution, and managing endangered species.
Our Services
At our bio-environmental company, we specialize in providing cutting-edge amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR services to accurately identify and genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here's an overview of our services and the advantages we offer in the field of molecular marker analysis:
- High-Sensitivity SNP Detection: We utilize ARMS-PCR to detect SNPs with high sensitivity, capable of identifying mutations even at low concentrations within a sample.
- Customized Primer Design: Our team designs customized primers specific to your needs, ensuring that the 3' end of the primer is perfectly complementary to the allele present in the sample, which is crucial for accurate SNP genotyping.
- Rapid Results: With ARMS-PCR, we can provide results quickly, often within 90 minutes, thanks to our streamlined protocols and optimized reagents.
- Comprehensive Analysis: We offer a detailed analysis of the amplified fragments, providing clear banding patterns that differentiate normal and mutant alleles, ensuring accurate interpretation of results.
- Internal Control Integration: To enhance accuracy and reduce false-positive results, we include internal controls in our ARMS-PCR assays.
- Multiplex ARMS-PCR: We are capable of performing multiplex ARMS-PCR, allowing for the simultaneous detection and typing of multiple SNPs, which is particularly useful for haplotype analysis.
- Genetic Diversity Analysis: Our services extend to genetic diversity analysis, providing valuable insights into the genetic makeup of organisms for various applications, including plant breeding and evolutionary studies.
Company Service Advantages
- High Specificity and Sensitivity: Our services are backed by high-specificity DNA polymerases that can detect SNP mutations as low as 0.1%-0.2% in a sample, with a significant difference in Ct values.
- Advanced Technology: We employ latest ARMS-PCR technology, combines the amplification and diagnostic steps, ensuring that the presence of an amplified product directly indicates the presence of a particular SNP.
- User-Friendly Tools: We utilize web-based tools like WASP for designing allele-specific primers, which simplifies the process of retrieving flanking sequences and related information from public SNP databases.
- Cost-Effectiveness: ARMS-PCR is known for its high repeatability, low cost, and high accessibility, making it an economical choice for SNP genotyping.
Contact Us
By leveraging our expertise in ARMS-PCR and molecular marker technology, we are committed to delivering accurate, efficient, and reliable SNP genotyping services to our clients, please contact us and confirm with our team for more information.
How to Place an Order
Reference
- Peng B., Wang Q., et al. "A novel and quick PCR-based method to genotype mice with a leptin receptor mutation (db/db mice)" Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2017, 39(1):1038.
Our products and services are for research use only and cannot be used for any clinical purposes.
Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) PCR
